Smart testing upl certificationtraining 32 unclassified techniques avoid signaling atest soldiers watch all of your actions as a upl you may provide cues that testing is going to occur. If there are any abnormal findings then a microscopic evaluation of the urine if ind, ua micro will also be performed. Urine is normally acidic but its normal ph ranges from 4. Early change in urine protein as a surrogate end point in.
The clinical significance of urine test results dufort et lavigne. Note the time of collection of the specimen on the test requisition and on the label of the container. Urine collection special containers are utilized based on the type of analysis requested. Laboratory procedure manual centers for disease control. Normal urine color has wide range from pale yellow, straw, light yellow, dark yellow amber. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily. Microscopic examination is essential for urine analysis, but a timeconsuming procedure. Urine analysis appearance or color specific gravity ph leukocyte esterase nitrites urobilinogen bilirubin glucose ketones protein blood microscopic examination urobilinogenand bilirubin urobilinogenproduced in the gut from metabolism of bilirubin. Epithelial cells35, bacteriamany, yeastmany, amorphousmoderate, blood sugar195mgdlwhich.
Department of justice national institute of justice 2364 this document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. A urinalysis test is performed by collecting a urine sample from the patient in a specimen cup. Ideally, the smear should be made from the sediment after centrifugation of the urine sample. A dipstick is a thin, plastic stick with strips of chemicals on it. For this reason, it is important for the physician to correlate the urine ph with other information to determine whether there is a problem. The urine will be looked at for color and clearness. In such cases, the microscopic analysis would be negative for rbcs. Lightly flick the bottom of the tube multiple times with your finger to gently resuspend the formed elements. Chemical analysis of urine the dipstick method of chemical analysis of urine 28. General urine specimen collection procedure ltr27570. This includes urine voided during the night and urine voided until the same time you. In this lecture material the routine urine test, physical.
Urine collection urinalysis, urine cultures, and random urine. Refusal to submit a urine specimen is considered the same as receiving a positive test result and shall subject the offender to disciplinary action under the appropriate disciplinary process. The complete urinalysis by rick cowell, dvm, ms, dacvp q. Substance abuse and mental health services administration, 2010. Especially for cannabinoids, analytical procedures for the veri.
If the analysis cannot be performed promptly urine test has three parts. This study was undertaken to evaluate an automated urinalysis system the sysmex ufi urisys 2400. Blood may make urine look red or the color of tea or cola. Early change in urine protein as a surrogate end point in studies of iga nephropathy. Other names for it are urine test, urine analysis, and ua you may have a. Urine collection urinalysis, urine cultures, and random. Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine.
Type of collection discussion random there are no particular precautions to avoid contamination. Make one smear by placing a small drop of urine sediment near one end of a glass slide and spread the urine as if making a blood smear. Epithelial cells35, bacteriamany, yeastmany, amorphousmoderate, blood sugar195mgdlwhich of the following is. There is no abnormal range as such, since the urine can normally vary from acid to alkaline. Policy and administrative procedure manual of policies and. Measures the hydrogen ion concentration of the urine. In very dilute urine, small quantities of chemicals may be undetectable. The need for trained human resources in the field is, therefore, very essential not only for patient care but also for preventive measures. If the analysis cannot be performed promptly urine should be stored at refrigerated temperature to minimize changes in urine physical and chemical makeup, inhibit bacterial. For urine chemistry tests, the 24hour urine collection is the usual standard.
Typically, these include specimens for urinalysis, urine culture, random urine analysis, and 24hour collection for timed chemistry tests such as creatinine clearance. Clear urine with a dipstick strongly positive for blood usually means myoglobinuria. It can help find conditions that may need treatment, including infections or kidney problems. If the sample is extremely hypocellular, it may be very difficult to see the pellet. Aug 12, 20 chemical analysis of urine the dipstick method of chemical analysis of urine 28. Dipstick urine analysis without urine culture is sufficient for dxof uncomplicated uti sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 82% when positive for either leukocyte esterase or nitrite. Ensure that the specimen cup being used is at room temperature i. Waste excretion urea, creatinine, drug metabolites, sulfates, uric acid. To assist the offender in providing the specimen, staff shall offer the offender no more than eight 8 ounces of water at the beginning of the twohour time period, if requested. The urinalysis ua is critically important in the diagnosis of renal and urologic diseases. Urine collection should be started just after the time you have voided the first time.
Urine specimens should be refrigerated if they cannot be examined within 2 hours because urine begins to break down after that time, becoming more alkaline, and rendering some urine tests inaccurate. It is very important that you save all urine voided in a 24hour period. The urinalysis is a set of screening tests that can provide a general overview of a persons health. Significant myoglobinuria can produce acute renal failure. Optimally, urine should be examined within 30 minutes of collection. Hand the cup and lid to the offender and allow himher to visually inspect it. Urinalysis and kidney disease national kidney foundation. An offender is expected to provide a urine specimen within two 2 hours of the request. Diabetic ketoacidosis can cause urine to have a fruity or sweet odor, and alkaline fermentation can cause an ammoniacal odor after prolonged bladder retention. A urine test can help detect a variety of kidney and urinary tract disorders, including chronic kidney disease, diabetes, bladder infections and kidney stones. Variables estimating the detection time of a drug in urine is a complex task because of the many factors that influence a compounds elimination from the body. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of fresh urine. It is a very common test that can be performed in many health care settings, including doctors offices, urgent care facilities, laboratories, hospitals, and even at home. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of.
Pdf urinalysis is a routine screening and diagnostic tool that can be used to identify infections and diseases. Urinalysis or urine testing is used to look for abnormalities such as an excess amount of protein, blood, pus, bacteria or sugar. Policy and administrative procedures manual of policies and. It has been known for centuries that abnormalities in urine may indicate disease and the analysis of urine are developed from simple visual examination to the modern automated methods. Additionally, technical aspects of the testing methods themselves also affect how long a drug will continue to be detected in urine. Inker, md, ms,1 hasi mondal, mph,1 tom greene, phd,2 taylor masaschi, ba,1 francesco locatelli, md,3 francesco p. It is important that a fresh sample be used as urine becomes more alkaline over time as bacteria convert urea to ammonia which is very alkaline. May discern between cocciand bacillary forms of bacteria on unstained urine sample. Detected by heat coagulation or dipstick method urine proteins come from plasma protein and tommhorsfall th glycoprotein healthy individuals excrete urine, blood, hair as indicators of recent or ongoing cannabis use frank mussho. It can also help find serious diseases in the early stages, like chronic kidney disease, diabetes, or liver disease. The urine that is produced by the kidney is a byproduct of some of the kidney s primary functions, which include.
To assist the offender in providing the specimen, staff shall offer the offender no more than eight 8 ounces of water at the beginning of the. Evaluation of urine by automatic and manual methods. Oct 27, 2010 diet also affects the urine ph and should be taken in consideration while reading a urine analysis report, e. Proteus some exceptions exist, such as staphylococcus, enterococcus, and. A 24yearold obese diabetic woman had the following blood and urine test results from specimens obtained at the same time. After obtaining the urine specimen, screw the lid on tightly again being careful to avoid touching inside the container or lid. Doctors use it to check for signs of common conditions or diseases. It is best to make at least 2 smears using 2 different techniques. Urine samples and urinalysis article pdf available in nursing standard. Urinalysis, urine cultures, and random urine analysis.
Urine analysis 4 release them sporadically during the day which means they may be missed by a single urine sample. In this lecture material the routine urine test, physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine are briefly discussed and it is a preparation which is intended. Contents listed by paragraph and page number chapter 1 general, page 1 purpose 11, page 1 references 12, page 1 explanation of abbreviations and terms, page 1 responsibility 14, page 1 program authority 15, page 1 army center substance abuse program mission and objectives 16, page 1 army substance abuse program concept and principles 17, page 1. Tests include ph, specific gravity, protein, glucose. Urine dipstick testing ceconnection for allied health. The excel files containing all raw data and results are backed up daily using a cd writer or external drive for storage. The nitrite and leukocyte tests help detect urinary tract infections, which are relatively common complications of diabetes. Originating office office of program analysis and coordination, center for substance abuse treatment. Position the cup in the stream of urine until the container is about onehalf to twothirds full. If the heated part of specimen cloudiness or turbid that may be indicate for protein presence.